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The Greenhouse Effect The greenhouse effect is a natural process that warms the Earth's surface. It is caused by gases in the atmosphere that trap energy from the sun. These gases, known as greenhouse gases, include water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. The greenhouse effect works like a greenhouse. The glass in a greenhouse allows sunlight to pass through, but it traps the heat that is reflected from the ground. This keeps the greenhouse warm, even on cold days. The Earth's atmosphere works similarly. Sunlight passes through the atmosphere and warms the Earth's surface. The heat from the Earth's surface is then reflected into the atmosphere, where it is trapped by greenhouse gases. This keeps the Earth's temperature warm enough to support life. Without the greenhouse effect, the Earth's average temperature would be about -18 degrees Celsius (0 degrees Fahrenheit). This is much colder than the current average temperature of 15 degrees ...